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For the following acid-base reactions, use
this table
of approximate pK
a
values to predict the direction and extent of the reaction.
Products predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
Products predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants and Products in approximately equal amounts (pK's equal)
Reactants predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
H
3
O
+
+ NH
3
⇌ NH
4
+
+ H
2
O
Products predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
Products predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants and Products in approximately equal amounts (pK's equal)
Reactants predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
C
5
H
5
N + RCO
2
H ⇌ C
5
H
5
NH
+
+ RCO
2
−
Products predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
Products predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants and Products in approximately equal amounts (pK's equal)
Reactants predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
HCO
3
−
+ C
6
H
5
OH ⇌ H
2
CO
3
+ C
6
H
5
O
−
Products predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
Products predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants and Products in approximately equal amounts (pK's equal)
Reactants predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
HCN + NH
3
⇌ NH
4
+
+ CN
−
Products predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
Products predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants and Products in approximately equal amounts (pK's equal)
Reactants predominate in less than 10:1 ratio (pK difference < 2)
Reactants predominate in greater than 10:1 ratio (pK difference >2)
CO
3
2
−
+ CH
3
CH
2
NH
3
+
⇌ HCO
3
−
+ CH
3
CH
2
NH
2
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